{"id":1467,"date":"2018-06-20T09:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T13:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/?p=1467"},"modified":"2026-03-16T20:05:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T20:05:17","slug":"unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Unlock the Mysteries of OSHA\u2019s Lockout\/Tagout Rule (PART 2 of 2 \u2013 Five Common LOTO Mistakes)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By <a href=\"http:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/conn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eric J. Conn<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/gelb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aaron R. Gelb<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For a host of reasons, it is vital for employers to get compliance with OSHA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard for the \u201ccontrol of hazardous energy (Lockout\/Tagout)\u201d (29 C.F.R. 1910.147)<\/a> (LOTO) right, but it also happens to be one of the least understood and most often botched set of regulatory requirements in OSHA\u2019s portfolio of standards.<\/p>\n<p>This two-part article lays out:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>[<a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/2018\/06\/08\/unlocking-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-1-of-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Part 1<\/a>]:<\/strong> 5 reasons it is critical for employers to ensure compliance with OSHA\u2019s LOTO Standard; and<\/li>\n<li><strong>[Part 2]:<\/strong> 5 common mistakes employers make implementing LOTO requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Part 1 Summary<\/em>: Five Reasons it is Critical to Get LOTO Right<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As we discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/2018\/06\/08\/unlocking-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-1-of-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Part 1 of this two-part article<\/a>, there are five important OSHA enforcement reasons why it is vital for employers to truly grasp OSHA\u2019s regulatory requirements for lockout\/tagout (LOTO) and implement them.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/OshDoc\/data_General_Facts\/factsheet-lockout-tagout.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1475\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/loto-fact-sheet.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"318\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-fact-sheet.png 532w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-fact-sheet-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Those 5 reasons are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Amputation Injuries Create Special Reporting Obligations<\/li>\n<li>LOTO Citations are Low Hanging Fruit for OSHA<\/li>\n<li>OSHA is Actively Pursuing LOTO Violations with a National Emphasis Program<\/li>\n<li>LOTO Violations Qualify for the Severe Violator Enforcement Program<\/li>\n<li>LOTO Violations are Among the Most Used for OSH Act Criminal Prosecutions<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For a detailed discussion about those reasons, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/2018\/06\/08\/unlocking-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-1-of-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out Part 1<\/a><\/strong> of this two-part article.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Part 2<\/em>: Five Common LOTO Mistakes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This part details the five most common mistakes and misunderstandings associated with OSHA\u2019s regulatory requirements for LOTO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Confusion about When the LOTO Standard Applies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Normal production operations are <u>not<\/u> covered by the LOTO standard. \u00a0Rather, the requirements of OSHA\u2019s LOTO standard kick in during servicing and\/or maintenance, or any production activity that requires an employee to remove or bypass a guard or other safety device, or if an employee is required to place any part of his or her body into an area on a machine or piece of equipment where work is performed upon the material being processed.\u00a0 Otherwise, the employer is expected to install and maintain appropriate guards that protect employees as required by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&amp;p_id=9836\">1910.212<\/a>, OSHA\u2019s machine guarding standard.<\/p>\n<p>While the LOTO and machine guarding standards tend to complement each other\u2014one protects employees during normal production operations (guarding), while the other protects employees during servicing or maintenance (LOTO).\u00a0 Technically, OSHA may not cite the <!--more-->same conduct as a concurrent violation of both standards.\u00a0 While the Agency may find and cite deficient aspects of an employer\u2019s LOTO program while investigating an accident resulting in an amputation, for example, it cannot establish that the accident itself resulted from a violation of both 1910.147 and 1910.212; it must be one or the other.<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GouLL4Rmk9I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1472\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/loto-scope1.png?w=665\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-scope1.png 731w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-scope1-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In short, the LOTO standard applies to general industry workers who are performing servicing and\/or maintenance on machines or equipment, and who by virtue of those activities can be exposed to the <em>unexpected<\/em> energization, startup, or release of hazardous energy from the machines or equipment. \u00a0Servicing and\/or maintenance activities typically include tasks such as lubrication, cleaning, unjamming, making adjustments, or tool changes.\u00a0 Typically, these activities are distinct from an employee\u2019s normal\u2014production\u2014activities.\u00a0 Of course, if an individual is employed as a maintenance worker or repair-person, then performing servicing and\/or maintenance is part of that employee\u2019s normal activities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget forms of hazardous energy other than electrical<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of several common mistakes employers make in applying the scope of the LOTO standard is to focus too narrowly on one type of hazardous energy.\u00a0 Specifically, we have found that employers do a very good job of addressing hazardous <em>electrical<\/em> energy in their LOTO programs, but LOTO applies to every type of hazardous energy, including mechanical, thermal, hydraulic, pneumatic and gravity.\u00a0 That means employers must ensure employees who are performing servicing or maintenance on an industrial oven are protected from heat energy, that employees repairing a power press are protected from the gravity forces of a press in the upright position, and employees fixing a piece of air-powered equipment are safeguarded from an unanticipated release of air.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget energy control requirements standards other than LOTO<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In addition to neglecting forms of hazardous energy other than electrical, another scope mistake employers often make, is to focus exclusively on the energy control requirements of the LOTO standard (1910.147), and forgetting about the host of other OSHA industry-specific or task-specific standards that impose energy control requirements; for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Permit-Required Confined Spaces \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9797\">146<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Mechanical Power Presses \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9841\">217<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Electrical Safety \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9868\">269<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9910\">1910.333<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Grain Handling Facilities \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9874\">272<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Process Safety Management Standard \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9760\">119<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Bakery Equipment \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9859\">263<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Pulp and Paper \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&amp;p_id=9857\">261<\/a>; and<\/li>\n<li>and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget LOTO applies only to \u201cunexpected energization\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One final area of confusion in the scope of application of LOTO relates to the term \u201cunexpected energization.\u201d\u00a0 As of today, the requirements of OSHA\u2019s LOTO standard do not apply if workers are not exposed to <em>unexpected<\/em> energization.\u00a0 That means that even while an employee is performing maintenance in the guts of a machine, LOTO is not required if employees would become aware the machine was about to energize.\u00a0 For example, if the machine automatically sounds an alarm flashes strobe lights for several seconds before a piece of equipment begins to operate, and there is no mechanical way for those warnings to be defeated, then it cannot be said that energization is unexpected.<\/p>\n<p>However, OSHA appears to be pushing ahead with a rulemaking that would strip the LOTO rule of that flexibility.\u00a0 Specifically, OSHA\u2019s latest Regulatory Agenda maintains the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reginfo.gov\/public\/do\/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=201704&amp;RIN=1218-AC67&amp;operation=OPERATION_PRINT_RULE\">current version of the Standards Improvement Project (SIP IV)<\/a>, a kind of ongoing rulemaking the Agency has used for years to streamline, clarify, and update workplace safety standards to remove duplicative, unnecessary, or inconsistent safety and health regulations.\u00a0 OSHA initiated SIP in 1995 in response to Pres. Clinton\u2019s Executive Order<em>: <\/em>\u201c<em>Improving Regulations and Regulatory<\/em> <em>Review.\u201d\u00a0 <\/em>OSHA was specifically instructed to make non-controversial changes to requirements in confusing, outdated, duplicative, or inconsistent standards.<\/p>\n<p>SIP IV, however, contains a provision about LOTO that does not meet the spirit of SIP.\u00a0 Specifically, OSHA proposed to remove the term \u201cunexpected energization\u201d from the LOTO standard, but not for clarification or simplification.\u00a0 Rather, OSHA is attempting to use the SIP tool, which was intended for minor, non-controversial rule changes, to overrule the Sixth Circuit Federal Court of Appeals 1996 decision in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/us-6th-circuit\/1206336.html\">Reich v. GMC (\u201cGM-Delco case\u201d)<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reginfo.gov\/public\/do\/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=201704&amp;RIN=1218-AC67&amp;operation=OPERATION_PRINT_RULE\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1181\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/reg-agenda-2.png?w=665\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/reg-agenda-2.png 770w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/reg-agenda-2-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/reg-agenda-2-768x638.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In the <em>GM-Delco<\/em> case, OSHA argued that LOTO applies when an <em>\u201cemployee could be injured if equipment is energized \u2026 during servicing.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 The Sixth Circuit disagreed, ruling that the plain language of the LOTO standard <em>\u201cunambiguously renders the rule inapplicable where an employee is alerted or warned that the machine being serviced is about to activate. . . ; where a service employee is endangered by a machine that can start up without the employee\u2019s foreknowledge.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The court explained that energization is NOT unexpected if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An alarm gives employees clear, audible, timely warning of machine start-up;<\/li>\n<li>A machine is so small or its controls are located such that a servicing employee would know of attempts to restart it; or<\/li>\n<li>The equipment is unplugged and the plug is in the exclusive control of the servicing employee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For twenty years now, employers have relied on this interpretation of \u201cunexpected energization\u201d in the <em>GM-Delco<\/em> case. It is well understood and its impact on operations is significant.\u00a0 OSHA now asserts that a change by SIP is needed to return the scope of LOTO to OSHA\u2019s original intent, to ensure LOTO is used instead of less effective warning systems, and to reduce the burden on compliance officers who have needed to perform a case-by-case assessment of warning schemes. Such a change, however, is far from non-controversial, is certainly not minor, and does not clarify any present confusion about application of the standard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.\u00a0 Missing and\/or Inadequate Machine-Specific Procedures<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Year after year, the most frequently cited violation of the LOTO standard\u2014often twice as many violations as the next most commonly cited provision\u2014is missing and\/or inadequate machine-specific LOTO procedures (MSPs) under 1910.147(c)(4).\u00a0 Interestingly, far more employers are cited for missing and\/or inadequate MSPs under 1910.147(c)(4) than for not having a LOTO program.<\/p>\n<p>To pass muster, MSPs must be written in sufficient detail for servicing employees to be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shut down, isolate, block, secure or relieve energy;<\/li>\n<li>identify specific steps for placement and removal of lockout devices; and<\/li>\n<li>understand the specific steps he or she must take to test and verify that the equipment is in a zero-energy state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Employers should ensure their MSPs clearly and specifically outline the steps to be followed.\u00a0 Put another way, compliant MSPs provide sufficient specificity to guide the employee through the lockout process.\u00a0 Over-generalization can result in a document that has little or no utility to the employee who must follow the procedure.<\/p>\n<p>The real challenge seems to be ensuring LOTO procedure are machine-specific; i.e., they are tailored to each piece of equipment upon which an employer performs service or maintenance.\u00a0 Employers may, however, develop a single MSP for a group of similar machines that have the same hazardous energy source(s) and the same or very similar methods for controlling that energy.\u00a0 If employers are using one procedure for a group of machines, they should consider an inset or note in the MSP that highlights any unique aspects for each piece of equipment (e.g., different locations of electrical sources).<\/p>\n<p>Contract work also presents some issues in connection with machine-specific LOTO procedures. \u00a0If a contractor performs tasks covered by LOTO, both the contractor and host must inform each other of their respective LOTO procedures. \u00a0But if a host employer never services its equipment in-house, the host need not develop its own machine-specific LOTO procedures. The host employer must, however, ensure its employees understand and comply with the restrictions of a third party\u2019s LOTO program.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.\u00a0 Misunderstanding (or Forgetting) Periodic Inspections<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Employers, in addition to having effective machine-specific LOTO procedures, must conduct periodic inspections of each energy control procedure to avoid a citation under 1910.147(c)(6)\u2014typically the second most frequently cited sub-section of the LOTO standard.\u00a0 These inspections must be performed at least annually to ensure energy control procedures continue to be implemented properly, and that affected employees are familiar with their responsibilities under the procedures.<\/p>\n<p>Many employers neglect to carry out these LOTO inspections each year, but more often, employers fail to conduct them in the manner contemplated by the LOTO standard.\u00a0 To satisfy the standard, a periodic inspection must:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Be performed <em>by<\/em> an authorized employee, but not by the employee using the procedure being inspected.<\/li>\n<li><em>Include a review, between the inspector and the authorized employee<\/em>, of the responsibilities under the procedure.<\/li>\n<li><em>Be certified in a record<\/em> that identifies the machine for which the procedure was reviewed, the date of the inspection, the employees included, and the person performing the inspection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The individual conducting the inspection must observe the implementation of the energy control procedures and discuss the procedures with the employees implementing them to determine that the requirements of the LOTO standard are understood and are being followed by the implementing employees. While the designated inspector need not observe every authorized employee implementing every machine-specific LOTO procedure for which he or she is authorized to service, the inspector must observe a representative number of employees implementing the procedures. The designated inspector must, however, <em>talk with each LOTO authorized employee<\/em>\u2014even those not implementing the procedure during the inspection.\u00a0 Relying on a group meeting\u2014such as a toolbox talk\u2014where energy control procedures are reviewed will not suffice unless actual implementation of the procedure is inspected in real time.\u00a0 Employers can, in the interest of efficiency, inspect groups of procedures provided the employer performs a case-by-case assessment to determine whether the procedures can be effectively inspected as a group.<\/p>\n<p>Once the periodic inspections are completed, the employer must ensure any deficiencies or deviations are corrected.\u00a0 The employer must also certify, in writing, the inspection was performed.\u00a0 To comply with the standard, a certification must include the machine or equipment on which the inspection was conducted, the date of the inspection, the employees included in the inspection, and the name of the inspector who performed the inspection.<\/p>\n<p>To ensure the inspections are conducted at least annually, an employer\u2019s safety team should calendar the relevant due dates, preferably with electronic reminders\/alerts sent to more than one individual.\u00a0 Some employers conduct the inspections every 10 months to reduce the likelihood of an error or omission.\u00a0 Employers should keep in mind that if they have procedures that are used less than once per year, those should be inspected each time they are used.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4.\u00a0 Misapplying the \u201cMinor Servicing Exception\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The \u201cminor servicing exception\u201d to LOTO is an exception to the requirement to deenergize and lockout equipment for certain minor servicing activities, such as clearing jams, minor tool changes, minor adjustments, provided:<a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/loto-mse.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1473\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/loto-mse.png?w=665\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-mse.png 778w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-mse-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-mse-768x489.png 768w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-mse-772x490.png 772w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-mse-342x218.png 342w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the activities are performed during normal operations;<\/li>\n<li>they are necessary to the production process (e.g., clearing a package jam on a conveyor system);<\/li>\n<li>they are routine (typical and following a specific practice), repetitive (a task that must be done with great frequency), and integral to the production process (operations cannot proceed without completing the task); and<\/li>\n<li>employees engaged in the activities are protected from hazardous energy by \u201ceffective alternative measures.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The real rub in getting the minor servicing exception right is understanding, implementing and demonstrating that the measures taking as a substitute to locking out the machine are effective to protect employees from hazardous energy.\u00a0 Note, the standard does not call for the alternative approach to be \u201cas effective,\u201d just that it is effective.\u00a0 Some examples OSHA endorses here are use of interlocks, local disconnects in the exclusive control of the servicing employee, or specially designed tools that keep the employee out of the zone of danger.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5.\u00a0 Forgetting Someone<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We have found that employers typically do a very good job of training those employees tasked with performing service and maintenance (i.e., LOTO authorized employees) in the recognition of hazardous energy sources, the details of the type and magnitude of the hazardous energy sources present in the work area, and the specific methods and means to isolate and control hazardous energy (including in machine-specific LOTO procedures), employers often forget to provide LOTO training to other individuals covered by the LOTO standard.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget to provide LOTO training to \u201caffected\u201d or \u201cother\u201d employees<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>OSHA expects employers to also provide LOTO training to individuals who operate the equipment being serviced (affected employees) and to anyone else who may be present in areas where LOTO may be utilized.\u00a0 To satisfy the LOTO standard, training should ensure affected and other employees understand the purpose and function of the energy control program and procedures, know when the procedures are being used, and to be aware of the prohibition against attempting to restart a machine that is locked out.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget to provide LOTO training to temporary workers<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Employers also often overlook the importance of training temporary workers before exposing them to safety and health hazards in the workplace.\u00a0 If it is necessary to assign temporary workers to perform service or maintenance tasks, it is essential that those workers receive the same training given to permanent LOTO authorized employees.<a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/2016\/09\/07\/dept-of-labor-concerns-related-to-temps-contractors-and-joint-and-multi-employer-relationships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-70\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/temp-worker-1-jpg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"325\" \/><\/a>\u00a0 Even if the temporary workers are merely operating equipment, or more likely, will work in the area where LOTO is utilized, they must be trained to the level of affected or other employees.\u00a0 Employers should never assume the staffing agency sending the temporary workers provided that training; instead, the host employer should trust and verify, or provide the training directly.\u00a0 Even when the staffing agency has provided LOTO training to temporary workers, the host employer is presumed to have knowledge of unique, site-specific hazards, and so will generally be expected by OSHA to provide additional training specific to its workplace and equipment.<\/p>\n<p>In the unfortunate event that a temporary worker is injured, the host employer should expect that OSHA will ask about the training he or she received as OSHA has made the protection of such workers a point of emphasis, since launching a <a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/2016\/09\/07\/dept-of-labor-concerns-related-to-temps-contractors-and-joint-and-multi-employer-relationships\/\">Temporary Worker Initiative<\/a> a few years back.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong><em>Don\u2019t forget that Group LOTO requires a lock from each employee<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Employers also frequently botch the Group LOTO requirements.\u00a0 Even if the employer complies with the LOTO standard by ensuring a lockout device is properly affixed to equipment being serviced, a violation can still occur if more than one employee is servicing the equipment simultaneously, and only one employee applies a lock.\u00a0 While primary responsibility for a group\/crew of employees must rest with a single authorized employee or supervisor, each authorized employee must affix his own personal lock to a group or gang lock device.\u00a0 Similarly, employers should remind supervisors they must not assume sole responsibility for the lockout device affixed to equipment being serviced; those supervisors must still ensure each employee affixes their own personal LOTO device to the equipment (or to a group lockbox).<\/p>\n<p><strong>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"text-decoration:underline\"><strong>Takeaways for Employers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>OSHA\u2019s LOTO standard consistently ranks as one of the most frequently cited standards for a reason\u2014several reasons, really.\u00a0 Given the risks posed by failing to adequately control hazardous energy, it should come as no surprise to employers that OSHA will use every enforcement tool available to enforce the LOTO standard. \u00a0Once OSHA arrives at an employer\u2019s facility\u2014whether in response to an employee complaint, a self-reported hospitalization or amputation or as part of a National or Local Emphasis Program, the employer should expect to be asked at some point to produce:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a written LOTO program;<\/li>\n<li>copies of machine-specific LOTO procedures;<\/li>\n<li>LOTO training records for authorized and affected employees; and<\/li>\n<li>proof of periodic LOTO inspections.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Even the most diligent employers, it seems, make one or more mistakes with respect to these requirements\u2014often due to an oversight, misunderstanding, or miscommunication.\u00a0 To reduce the likelihood that OSHA will find fault with an employer\u2019s LOTO program, employers should proactively audit every aspect of their policies, practices and procedures, seeking advice from a qualified safety consultant or experienced attorney and acting quickly to correct the deficiencies that are identified.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>For more information, check out Conn Maciel Carey\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GouLL4Rmk9I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent webinar: \u201cUnlocking the Mysteries of OSHA\u2019s Lockout\/Tagout Standard.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0 Here is a link to a <a href=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/cmc-loto-webinar-feb-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF of the slides from the webinar<\/a>.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GouLL4Rmk9I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1457\" src=\"https:\/\/oshadefensereport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/loto-webinar-cover-slide.png?w=461&amp;h=347\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-webinar-cover-slide.png 987w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-webinar-cover-slide-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-webinar-cover-slide-768x579.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Eric J. Conn and Aaron R. Gelb For a host of reasons, it is vital for employers to get compliance with OSHA\u2019s standard for the \u201ccontrol of hazardous energy (Lockout\/Tagout)\u201d (29 C.F.R. 1910.147) (LOTO) right, but&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[58,164],"tags":[1578,1568,1572,1569,1602],"class_list":["post-1467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osha-inspections-citations-and-enforcement-2","category-process-safety-management-psm","tag-electrical-safety","tag-high-hazard-industries","tag-incident-investigations","tag-lockout-tagout-loto","tag-machinery-equipment-standards"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unlock the Mysteries of OSHA\u2019s Lockout\/Tagout Rule (PART 2 of 2 \u2013 Five Common LOTO Mistakes) - OSHA Defense Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unlock the Mysteries of OSHA\u2019s Lockout\/Tagout Rule (PART 2 of 2 \u2013 Five Common LOTO Mistakes) - OSHA Defense Report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Eric J. Conn and Aaron R. Gelb For a host of reasons, it is vital for employers to get compliance with OSHA\u2019s standard for the \u201ccontrol of hazardous energy (Lockout\/Tagout)\u201d (29 C.F.R. 1910.147) (LOTO) right, but&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OSHA Defense Report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-20T13:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-16T20:05:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-fact-sheet.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"532\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eric J. Conn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eric J. Conn\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.connmaciel.com\\\/osha-defense-report\\\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.connmaciel.com\\\/osha-defense-report\\\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Eric J. 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Gelb For a host of reasons, it is vital for employers to get compliance with OSHA\u2019s standard for the \u201ccontrol of hazardous energy (Lockout\/Tagout)\u201d (29 C.F.R. 1910.147) (LOTO) right, but&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/unlock-the-mysteries-of-oshas-lockout-tagout-rule-part-2-of-2-five-common-loto-mistakes\/","og_site_name":"OSHA Defense Report","article_published_time":"2018-06-20T13:00:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-16T20:05:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":532,"height":540,"url":"https:\/\/www.connmaciel.com\/osha-defense-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/06\/loto-fact-sheet.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Eric J. Conn","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Eric J. 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